Thermal Performance Guide

Understanding U-values, energy savings, and how secondary glazing improves thermal insulation in your home.

10 min readLast updated: December 2024

65%

Heat loss reduction

£150-400

Annual energy savings

1.9

U-value (W/m²K)

Understanding U-Values

The U-value measures how well a material conducts heat. It's expressed in Watts per square metre Kelvin (W/m²K). The lower the U-value, the better the insulation.

Window TypeTypical U-ValueHeat Loss
Single glazing5.4-5.8Very high
Single + secondary glazing1.8-2.0Low
Standard double glazing2.8-3.0Moderate
Modern double glazing (Low-E)1.4-1.8Low
Triple glazing0.8-1.0Very low

Key Point: Secondary glazing can improve a single-glazed window from 5.4 W/m²K to 1.9 W/m²K - a 65% improvement that often exceeds standard double glazing.

How Secondary Glazing Provides Thermal Insulation

Secondary glazing works by creating a substantial air gap between your existing window and the new glazed panel. This trapped air acts as an insulating barrier.

The Air Gap Effect

Air is a poor conductor of heat. The cavity between panes traps air, reducing convection and conduction heat transfer.

  • • Optimal gap: 20-100mm
  • • Larger gaps don't improve thermal performance much
  • • Smaller gaps still provide good insulation

Reduced Draughts

Secondary glazing seals gaps around old windows that allow cold air infiltration - often the biggest source of heat loss.

  • • Brush seals eliminate draughts
  • • Sealed perimeter reduces air leakage
  • • Works with original window for double barrier

Calculating Your Energy Savings

The amount you'll save depends on several factors:

Factors Affecting Savings

  • Number of windows: More windows = more savings potential
  • Current window condition: Draughty old windows show biggest improvement
  • Property age and insulation: Older properties typically save more
  • Heating system and fuel type: Gas, electric, or oil affects £ savings

Typical Annual Savings

1-2 Bed Flat

£100-200

per year

3 Bed Semi

£200-350

per year

Large Detached

£350-500

per year

Impact on EPC Ratings

Installing secondary glazing can improve your property's Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating, which is increasingly important for both selling and renting properties.

EPC Benefits

  • Can improve EPC by 1-2 bands (e.g., E to D, or D to C)
  • Helps landlords meet Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES)
  • Increases property value and rental potential
  • Makes properties more attractive to energy-conscious buyers

Reducing Condensation

One often-overlooked benefit of secondary glazing is its ability to reduce condensation on your original windows.

Why Condensation Forms

Warm, moist indoor air hits cold window glass and water vapour condenses. Single glazing gets very cold in winter, making this worse.

How Secondary Glazing Helps

The inner secondary glazing panel stays warmer (as it's insulated from the cold outside), so condensation doesn't form on the room-facing surface.

Optimising Thermal Performance

To maximise energy savings from your secondary glazing:

  • 1

    Ensure good sealing

    Properly sealed frames are essential - any air gaps will reduce performance

  • 2

    Consider Low-E glass

    Low-emissivity coated glass can improve U-values by a further 20-30%

  • 3

    Maintain original windows

    Repair any draughts in your original windows for best combined performance

  • 4

    Prioritise north-facing windows

    Windows that don't receive direct sunlight lose the most heat

Related Resources

Get a Thermal Assessment

We can assess your property and provide personalised energy saving projections.

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