Noise Reduction Technical Guide

    Understanding decibel reduction, acoustic glass specifications, and how to achieve optimal soundproofing with secondary glazing.

    12 min readLast updated: December 2024

    Understanding Decibels (dB)

    The decibel scale is logarithmic, not linear. This means that a 10dB reduction represents a 50% reduction in perceived loudness, and a 20dB reduction means the noise seems 75% quieter.

    Common Noise Levels

    Quiet library30 dB
    Normal conversation60 dB
    Busy traffic70-80 dB
    Tube train passing90-100 dB
    Aircraft overhead100-120 dB

    Key Insight: Secondary glazing typically achieves 35-45dB reduction, meaning a busy road at 80dB would sound like a quiet conversation at 35-45dB.

    Acoustic Performance by Configuration

    ConfigurationGap SizeGlass TypeRw (dB)
    Single glazing onlyN/A4mm float25-28
    Standard double glazing12-16mm4mm-4mm28-32
    Secondary glazing (standard)100mm6mm float40-43
    Secondary glazing (acoustic)100mm6.4mm laminated43-45
    Secondary glazing (premium)150mm10.8mm laminated47-50

    *Rw = Weighted Sound Reduction Index, the single-number rating for acoustic performance

    Acoustic Glass Specifications

    Standard Float Glass

    • Thickness: 4mm, 6mm, or 10mm
    • Performance: Good for general noise
    • Best for: Moderate traffic noise
    • Cost: Most economical

    Laminated Acoustic Glass

    • Thickness: 6.4mm, 8.8mm, 10.8mm
    • Performance: Superior for all frequencies
    • Best for: Heavy traffic, railways, aircraft
    • Bonus: Enhanced security, UV protection

    Why Laminated Glass Works Better

    Laminated acoustic glass contains a special PVB (polyvinyl butyral) interlayer that absorbs sound vibrations. This is particularly effective at blocking low-frequency noise like bass from traffic, trains, and aircraft that standard glass struggles with.

    The Importance of Air Gap Size

    The air gap between your original window and secondary glazing is crucial for acoustic performance. Unlike double glazing (12-16mm gap), secondary glazing creates a much larger cavity.

    50mm

    Minimum effective gap

    Basic improvement, suitable where space is limited

    100mm

    Optimal gap (recommended)

    Best balance of performance and practicality

    150mm+

    Maximum performance

    Ideal for severe noise problems, where space allows

    Noise Frequency Considerations

    Low-Frequency Noise is Harder to Block

    Bass frequencies from HGVs, trains, and aircraft require thicker glass and larger air gaps than high-frequency noise.

    Low Frequency (20-250Hz)

    HGVs, trains, bass, aircraft

    Solution: 10.8mm laminated + 150mm gap

    Mid Frequency (250-2000Hz)

    Cars, voices, general traffic

    Solution: 6.4mm laminated + 100mm gap

    High Frequency (2000Hz+)

    Sirens, alarms, birdsong

    Solution: 6mm float + 100mm gap

    Testing Standards & Certifications

    Our acoustic performance claims are verified according to international standards:

    • BS EN ISO 10140: Laboratory measurement of sound insulation
    • BS EN ISO 717-1: Rating of sound insulation (Rw calculation)
    • BS 8233:2014: Guidance on sound insulation in buildings

    Related Resources

    Get a Free Acoustic Assessment

    Our specialists can measure your current noise levels and recommend the optimal solution.

    Sources & References
    AI-verified

    Authoritative sources supporting the information in this article.

    1. British Standards Institution (2014). Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings. BS 8233:2014.Open source

      This is the primary UK standard for sound insulation and noise reduction in buildings, providing the fundamental methodology for acoustic design.

    2. Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (2015). Approved Document E: Resistance to the passage of sound. HM Government - Building Regulations 2010.Open source

      Contains the mandatory requirements for Resistance to the Passage of Sound in dwellings, essential for UK building compliance.

    3. Historic England (2020). Energy Efficiency and Traditional Buildings: Improving Draught-proofing and Secondary Glazing. Historic England Advice Note.Open source

      Provides specific guidance on improving the thermal and acoustic performance of windows in listed buildings without damaging heritage value.

    4. P.H. Parkin, H.R. Humphreys, and J.R. Cowell (1979). Acoustics, Noise and Buildings. Faber & Faber (Elsevier).Open source

      A foundational text for understanding the science of acoustics, sound transmission loss, and the decibel scale in a practical building context.

    5. British Standards Institution (2021). Acoustics. Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements. Measurement of airborne sound insulation. BS EN ISO 10140-2:2021.Open source

      The specific standard for measuring the sound insulation of building elements, defining how Rw and STC ratings are determined.